Packages

library(devtools)
library(tidyverse)
library(magrittr)
library(ggplot2)
library(coronavirus)
library(maptools)
library(tibble)
library(ggrepel)
library(png)
library(grid)
library(sp)
library(knitr)
library(skimr)
library(plotly)

Introduction

data("coronavirus")
slovakia_corona <- coronavirus %>% filter(country == "Slovakia")

This data analysis was carried out to identify the corona virus situation in the Slovakia.This slovakia_corona data set contain daily summary of corona virus data in Slovakia for 336 days.

There are 3 variables

Variable Description

date : Date in YYYY-MM-DD format

type : Type of cases : confirmed, death, recovered

cases : Number of cases on given date

Type of variables

Quantitative : cases

Qualitative : date, type

About Slovakia

Visualization of Slovakia

Slovakia is a small,mountainous landlock country in central Europe,that is bordered by Austria and the Czech Republic in west,by Hungary in south,by Poland in north,and the Ukraine in east .It is located between 47 - 49 degrees north latitude,the climate is moderately continential in the plains,while it becomes colder with increasing altitude in mountainous ares..Formerly part of Czechoslovakia,it was known as the slovak socialist republic became an independent sovereign state.

The country covers an area of 49,035 square of km,making it somewhat larger than half the size of portugal or about twice the size of the U>S> state New Hampshire.Slovakia has a population of 5.4 million people(in 2015),Slovakia’s capital and largest city is Bratislava.spoken languages are Slovak(official) and Hungarian. The majority of Slovak people are Christians – 62% are Roman Catholics, 4% are Greek Catholics, 6% Protestants, but most of them are not practicing more than once a week on Sunday mass. Around 15%-25% of inhabitants are atheists. The official language in Slovakia is the Slovak language, which is a Slavic language. Speaking Slavic language is very useful especially in central and Eastern Europe – people speaks Slavic languages in Czech Republic, Poland, Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, and Balkan. On another hand, speaking Slovak is not easy and requires a lot of practice – you may contact SAIA or IOM for getting more information about Slovak courses. Slovakia is considered a safe country for foreigners. As per Global Peace Index comparing 172 independent countries in the world on the criteria as number of conflicts, criminality, political instability, violent demostration risk, number of jailed people per 100.000 inhabitants or number of armed people per capita, the Slovak ranked 23rd, with very similar result as Germany, Sweden, Belgium or Netherland.

Covid 19 in Slovakia

Slovakia is one of the most corona positive cases reported country. COVID 19 emergency measures taken by the slovak government in response to the coronavirus pandemic are,

  1. As from March 16, 2020, the slovak government declared a state of emergency based on the Slovak constitutional act No.227/2002 Coll.on state security in times of war,hostilities,exceptiona circumstances or emergency, as amended.

  2. As of march,2020 the public health authority has decided to imposed a mandatory 14 day quarntine on all persons returning from any country abroad.

  3. All three international airports in Slovakia are closed.

  4. Based on decree of the public health authority ,as from march,2020, everyone is obliged to wear a mask covering their breathing area in public places.

  5. Banned any export of registerd human medicine or medical devices outside the territory of the slovak republic and etc.

Vaccination:

Slovakia has administered at least 7,077,048 doses of COVID vaccines so far. Assuming every person needs 2 doses, that’s enough to have vaccinated about 64.9% of the country’s population

Lockdown :

As COVID-19 infections began to be reported around the world, many countries responded by shutting down places like schools, workplaces and international borders in order to contain the spread of the virus

Explanatory Data Analysis

summary of the corona virus data in Slovakia

Table 01

summary(slovakia_corona)
##       date              province           country               lat       
##  Min.   :2020-01-22   Length:2652        Length:2652        Min.   :48.67  
##  1st Qu.:2020-08-29   Class :character   Class :character   1st Qu.:48.67  
##  Median :2021-04-07   Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Median :48.67  
##  Mean   :2021-04-07                                         Mean   :48.67  
##  3rd Qu.:2021-11-14                                         3rd Qu.:48.67  
##  Max.   :2022-06-23                                         Max.   :48.67  
##       long          type               cases                uid     
##  Min.   :19.7   Length:2652        Min.   :-255300.0   Min.   :703  
##  1st Qu.:19.7   Class :character   1st Qu.:      0.0   1st Qu.:703  
##  Median :19.7   Mode  :character   Median :     14.0   Median :703  
##  Mean   :19.7                      Mean   :    968.2   Mean   :703  
##  3rd Qu.:19.7                      3rd Qu.:    175.5   3rd Qu.:703  
##  Max.   :19.7                      Max.   :  28504.0   Max.   :703  
##      iso2               iso3               code3     combined_key      
##  Length:2652        Length:2652        Min.   :703   Length:2652       
##  Class :character   Class :character   1st Qu.:703   Class :character  
##  Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Median :703   Mode  :character  
##                                        Mean   :703                     
##                                        3rd Qu.:703                     
##                                        Max.   :703                     
##    population      continent_name     continent_code    
##  Min.   :5459643   Length:2652        Length:2652       
##  1st Qu.:5459643   Class :character   Class :character  
##  Median :5459643   Mode  :character   Mode  :character  
##  Mean   :5459643                                        
##  3rd Qu.:5459643                                        
##  Max.   :5459643
slovakia_corona$month<- months(as.Date(slovakia_corona$date))
recovered_slovakia_corona<-slovakia_corona %>% filter(type=="recovery")
confirmed_slovakia_corona<-slovakia_corona %>% filter(type=="confirmed")
death_slovakia_corona<-slovakia_corona %>% filter(type=="death")

To avoid giving the incorrect information due to outliers in data we can replace it as missing value.

recovered_slovakia_corona <- recovered_slovakia_corona %>% mutate(cases = replace(cases, which(cases < 0), NA))
summary(recovered_slovakia_corona)
##       date              province           country               lat       
##  Min.   :2020-01-22   Length:884         Length:884         Min.   :48.67  
##  1st Qu.:2020-08-29   Class :character   Class :character   1st Qu.:48.67  
##  Median :2021-04-07   Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Median :48.67  
##  Mean   :2021-04-07                                         Mean   :48.67  
##  3rd Qu.:2021-11-14                                         3rd Qu.:48.67  
##  Max.   :2022-06-23                                         Max.   :48.67  
##                                                                            
##       long          type               cases             uid     
##  Min.   :19.7   Length:884         Min.   :   0.0   Min.   :703  
##  1st Qu.:19.7   Class :character   1st Qu.:   0.0   1st Qu.:703  
##  Median :19.7   Mode  :character   Median :   0.0   Median :703  
##  Mean   :19.7                      Mean   : 290.1   Mean   :703  
##  3rd Qu.:19.7                      3rd Qu.:  14.0   3rd Qu.:703  
##  Max.   :19.7                      Max.   :4957.0   Max.   :703  
##                                    NA's   :4                     
##      iso2               iso3               code3     combined_key      
##  Length:884         Length:884         Min.   :703   Length:884        
##  Class :character   Class :character   1st Qu.:703   Class :character  
##  Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Median :703   Mode  :character  
##                                        Mean   :703                     
##                                        3rd Qu.:703                     
##                                        Max.   :703                     
##                                                                        
##    population      continent_name     continent_code        month          
##  Min.   :5459643   Length:884         Length:884         Length:884        
##  1st Qu.:5459643   Class :character   Class :character   Class :character  
##  Median :5459643   Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Mode  :character  
##  Mean   :5459643                                                           
##  3rd Qu.:5459643                                                           
##  Max.   :5459643                                                           
## 

Confirmed cases at first & last days

Table 2 - Confirmed cases at first days

##         date province  country    lat   long      type cases uid iso2 iso3
## 1 2020-01-22     <NA> Slovakia 48.669 19.699 confirmed     0 703   SK  SVK
## 2 2020-01-23     <NA> Slovakia 48.669 19.699 confirmed     0 703   SK  SVK
## 3 2020-01-24     <NA> Slovakia 48.669 19.699 confirmed     0 703   SK  SVK
## 4 2020-01-25     <NA> Slovakia 48.669 19.699 confirmed     0 703   SK  SVK
## 5 2020-01-26     <NA> Slovakia 48.669 19.699 confirmed     0 703   SK  SVK
## 6 2020-01-27     <NA> Slovakia 48.669 19.699 confirmed     0 703   SK  SVK
##   code3 combined_key population continent_name continent_code   month
## 1   703     Slovakia    5459643         Europe             EU January
## 2   703     Slovakia    5459643         Europe             EU January
## 3   703     Slovakia    5459643         Europe             EU January
## 4   703     Slovakia    5459643         Europe             EU January
## 5   703     Slovakia    5459643         Europe             EU January
## 6   703     Slovakia    5459643         Europe             EU January

Table 3 - Confirmed cases at last days

##            date province  country    lat   long     type cases uid iso2 iso3
## 2647 2022-06-18     <NA> Slovakia 48.669 19.699 recovery     0 703   SK  SVK
## 2648 2022-06-19     <NA> Slovakia 48.669 19.699 recovery     0 703   SK  SVK
## 2649 2022-06-20     <NA> Slovakia 48.669 19.699 recovery     0 703   SK  SVK
## 2650 2022-06-21     <NA> Slovakia 48.669 19.699 recovery     0 703   SK  SVK
## 2651 2022-06-22     <NA> Slovakia 48.669 19.699 recovery     0 703   SK  SVK
## 2652 2022-06-23     <NA> Slovakia 48.669 19.699 recovery     0 703   SK  SVK
##      code3 combined_key population continent_name continent_code month
## 2647   703     Slovakia    5459643         Europe             EU  June
## 2648   703     Slovakia    5459643         Europe             EU  June
## 2649   703     Slovakia    5459643         Europe             EU  June
## 2650   703     Slovakia    5459643         Europe             EU  June
## 2651   703     Slovakia    5459643         Europe             EU  June
## 2652   703     Slovakia    5459643         Europe             EU  June

###Figure 01 - Distribution of confirmed,recovery,death cases of covid 19 - Slovakia

This figure shows distribution of confirmed ,recovery and death cases of covid-19 in slovakia.This figure show that the number of confirmed cases are positively distributed.

Table 04 : summary - recovery cases

slovakia_corona <- coronavirus %>% filter(country == "Slovakia")
recovered_slovakia_corona <- slovakia_corona %>% filter(type=="recovery")
summary(recovered_slovakia_corona)
##       date              province           country               lat       
##  Min.   :2020-01-22   Length:884         Length:884         Min.   :48.67  
##  1st Qu.:2020-08-29   Class :character   Class :character   1st Qu.:48.67  
##  Median :2021-04-07   Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Median :48.67  
##  Mean   :2021-04-07                                         Mean   :48.67  
##  3rd Qu.:2021-11-14                                         3rd Qu.:48.67  
##  Max.   :2022-06-23                                         Max.   :48.67  
##       long          type               cases              uid     
##  Min.   :19.7   Length:884         Min.   :-255300   Min.   :703  
##  1st Qu.:19.7   Class :character   1st Qu.:      0   1st Qu.:703  
##  Median :19.7   Mode  :character   Median :      0   Median :703  
##  Mean   :19.7                      Mean   :      0   Mean   :703  
##  3rd Qu.:19.7                      3rd Qu.:     14   3rd Qu.:703  
##  Max.   :19.7                      Max.   :   4957   Max.   :703  
##      iso2               iso3               code3     combined_key      
##  Length:884         Length:884         Min.   :703   Length:884        
##  Class :character   Class :character   1st Qu.:703   Class :character  
##  Mode  :character   Mode  :character   Median :703   Mode  :character  
##                                        Mean   :703                     
##                                        3rd Qu.:703                     
##                                        Max.   :703                     
##    population      continent_name     continent_code    
##  Min.   :5459643   Length:884         Length:884        
##  1st Qu.:5459643   Class :character   Class :character  
##  Median :5459643   Mode  :character   Mode  :character  
##  Mean   :5459643                                        
##  3rd Qu.:5459643                                        
##  Max.   :5459643

Above graph shows the confirmed number of corona cases in Slovakia in daily basis.From 2021to 2022,the number of confirmed cases will increase slightly and again in the middle of 2022,the number of confirmed cases will dicrease.

Above graph shows the number of death corona cases in Slovakia in daily basis.From 2021to 2022,the number of confirmed cases will increase slightly and again in the middle of 2022,the number of confirmed cases will dicrease.

p1<- ggplot(slovakia_corona,aes(date,cases,color=type), is.na=FALSE)+
  geom_point()+
  geom_line()+
  ggtitle("Figure 06 : Time series analysis - Slovakia")

ggplotly(p1)

Comparison with Covid 19 cases of other countries.

slovakia_corona<- coronavirus %>% filter(country=="Slovakia")
us_corona<-coronavirus %>% filter(country == "US")
italy_corona<- coronavirus %>% filter(country=="Italy")
france_corona<-coronavirus %>% filter(country=="France")

other_country_corona<-as.data.frame(rbind(slovakia_corona,us_corona,italy_corona,france_corona))

Compare with nearest countries

The above graph shows the nearby coutries to Slovakia.

##       country     n
## 1     Austria  2652
## 2     Belgium  2652
## 3      France 31824
## 4     Germany  2652
## 5     Hungary  2652
## 6       Italy  2652
## 7      Poland  2652
## 8 Switzerland  2652
## 9     Ukraine  2652

The above table shows the number of countries near the Slovakia.

The above plot was generated in order to confirm whether nearest conuntries in the slovakia continent is in the relevent dataframe. Therefore it can be concluded that all the contries in the same continent has been considered.

Discussion and conclusion

Covid 19 is now a world pandemic where Slovakia also has to gone through. Corona virus confirmed cases has appeared in Slovakia from end of 2022. Although the country was on lockdown the no.of confirmed corona cases in Slovakia has been inreased, when we take a overall look it can be seen that daily confirmed cases in increasing which means there is a upward and downward trend in the no.of daily confirmed corona virus cases in Slovakia. The daily confirmed cases is increasing at 2021 and it has been dicrease at the 2022. And also rate of daily death cases is remained same for 2022 at a low value. The perecentage of recovered patients with respect to the total confirmed cases is low.That implies that still there are many corona patients who needed to be treated. Therefore from that it can be concluded that still the country did not take reliable measures to stop the spreading of the disease since the recovery rate is low but they has managed to keep the death rate very low because we can see number of deaths are dicrese at the end of 2022.

References

https://graphics.reuters.com/world-coronavirus-tracker-and-maps/countries-and-territories/slovakia/

https://www.dentons.com/en/insights/articles/2020/april/14/covid19-emergency-measures-taken-by-the-slovak-government-in-response-to-the-coronavirus-pandemic

https://hellor.netlify.app/slides/onlinehelpdesk